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1 Lawes, Sir John Bennet
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 28 December 1814 Rothamsted, Hertfordshire, Englandd. 31 August 1900 Rothamsted, Hertfordshire, England[br]English scientific agriculturalist.[br]Lawes's education at Eton and Oxford did little to inform his early taste for chemistry, which he developed largely on his own. By the age of 20 he had fitted up the best bedroom in his house as a fully equipped chemical laboratory. His first interest was in the making of drugs; it was said that he knew the Pharmacopoeia, by heart. He did, however, receive some instruction from Anthony Todd Thomson of University College, London. His father having died in 1822, Lawes entered into possession of the Rothamsted estate when he came of age in 1834. He began experiments with plants with uses as drugs, but following an observation by a neighbouring farmer of the effect of bones on the growth of certain crops Lawes turned to experiments with bones dissolved in sulphuric acid on his turnip crop. The results were so promising that he took out a patent in 1842 for converting mineral and fossil phosphates into a powerful manure by the action of sulphuric acid. The manufacture of these superphosphates became a major industry of tremendous benefit to agriculture. Lawes himself set up a factory at Deptford in 1842 and a larger one in 1857 at Barking Creek, both near London. The profits from these and other chemical manufacturing concerns earned Lawes profits which funded his experimental work at Rothamsted. In 1843, Lawes set up the world's first agricultural experiment station. Later in the same year he was joined by Joseph Henry Gilbert, and together they carried out a considerable number of experiments of great benefit to agriculture, many of the results of which were published in the leading scientific journals of the day, including the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. In all, 132 papers were published, most of them jointly with Gilbert. A main theme of the work on plants was the effect of various chemical fertilizers on the growth of different crops, compared with the effects of farm manure and of no treatment at all. On animal rearing, they studied particularly the economical feeding of animals.The work at Rothamsted soon brought Lawes into prominence; he joined the Royal Agricultural Society in 1846 and became a member of its governing body two years later, a position he retained for over fifty years. Numerous distinctions followed and Rothamsted became a place of pilgrimage for people from many parts of the world who were concerned with the application of science to agriculture. Rothamsted's jubilee in 1893 was marked by a public commemoration headed by the Prince of Wales.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsBaronet 1882. FRS 1854. Royal Society Royal Medal (jointly with Gilbert) 1867.Further ReadingMemoir with portrait published in J. Roy. Agric. Soc. Memoranda of the origin, plan and results of the field and other experiments at Rothamsted, issued annually by the Lawes Agricultural Trust Committee, with a list of Lawes's scientific papers.LRD -
2 Agricultural and food technology
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Jia SixieLi BingSong YingxingTownshend, CharlesWang ZhenXu GuangqiBiographical history of technology > Agricultural and food technology
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Lawes , Sir John Bennet — (1814–1900) British agricultural chemist Lawes was the only son of the lord of the manor of Harpenden in Hertfordshire and inherited his father s estates in 1822. He was educated at Eton and Oxford University, but he left without taking a degree … Scientists
Lawes, Sir John Bennet, 1st Baronet — ▪ English agronomist born Dec. 28, 1814, Rothamsted, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, Eng. died Aug. 31, 1900, Rothamsted English agronomist who founded the artificial fertilizer industry and Rothamsted Experimental Station, the oldest… … Universalium
John Bennet Lawes — Sir John Bennet Lawes (* 28. Dezember 1814 in Rothamsted, Hertfordshire; † 31. August 1900 ebenda) war ein britischer Agrikulturchemiker. Er war Besitzer eines Gutsbetriebes in Rothamsted, auf dem er 1843 ein agrikulturchemisches Laboratorium… … Deutsch Wikipedia
John Bennet Lawes — Sir John Lawes redirects here. Distinguish from Sir John Lawes (School). Sir John Bennet Lawes, 1st Baronet FRS (December 28, 1814 ndash;August 31, 1900) was an English entrepreneur and agricultural scientist. He founded an experimental farm at… … Wikipedia
Lawes — (spr. laos), Sir John Bennet, Landwirt, geb. 28. Dez. 1814 zu Rothamsted in Hartfordshire, gest. 31. Ang. 1900, studierte in Eton und Oxford, übernahm schon mit 20 Jahren die Leitung des väterlichen Gutes zu Rothamsted und beschäftigte sich… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Lawes Baronets — The Lawes Baronetcy, of Rothamsted in the County of Hertford, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 19 May 1882 for the entrepreneur and agricultural scientist John Bennet Lawes.Lawes Baronets, of Rothamsted… … Wikipedia
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Harpenden — infobox UK place country = England latitude = 51.8175 longitude = 0.3524 official name = Harpenden population = 30,000 shire district= St Albans shire county = Hertfordshire region = East of England constituency westminster= Hitchin and Harpenden … Wikipedia
